This allows the creation of particle-antiparticle pairs of virtual particles. The effects of these particles are measurable, for example, in the effective charge of the electron, different from its „naked“ charge.
If this happens near the event horizon of a black hole one partner of such a pair can fall into the black hole leaving the other one outside. This way the particle becomes real and could escape the black hole. It’s said that In order to preserve total energy, the particle that fell into the black hole must have had a negative energy.
Why…?
Why can’t it be the other way around and the particle which escapes has a negative energy? Taking away energy from the outside universe and the black hole would grow.
I never got that point why only partners with negative energy can fall into the black hole.
When I try to understand how a black hole could probably evolve I see some issues which I cannot answer myself.
Here I try to explain the aspect of such a collapse with which I have issues.
Let’s start with an object like this:
You see some mass around a center. The arrows between the center and the mass parts representing a kind of force which keeps the mass parts in place so that the object is for the moment stable.
If we now virtually reduce these forces we allow the mass parts to get closer together and move towards the center.
That is what would happen in a star if it runs out of fuel and it cools down.
By moving closer towards the center energy gets converted (potential energy).
This process must free the exact same amount of energy as it would take to revert it back and push all mass parts out again to where they have been before.
If this process would continue in a collapse the mass parts would get closer and closer freeing more and more energy. Remember It needs to free the same energy as it would take to get it apart again.
When we get close to a black hole this would virtually free an infinite amount of energy.
The circle in RED is the virtual but not yet existing event horizon from the object. If it would collapse beyond that point we would have a black hole.
But can we really pass that point?
Remember with each movement towards the center it frees the same amount of energy its needed to take it apparat. So if its hitting the event horizon it must have freed in sum the same amount of energy as you need to take it completely apparat again. To take it apparat from that moment you would need light speed for each particle, which would take infinite energy ..so it would have freed infinite energy…
Something smells fishy…
It doesn’t look like anything can ever pass an event horizon without producing an infinite amount of energy.
Let’s take a second look at it from a different point of view.
Virtually we create a neutron star which is one micron away from a black hole…almost one but not yet but still for whatever reason stable.
This star has a universe of its own besides another particle.
Now we shoot this particle from way outside into the direction of the star. It will get caught by the gravity of the star and pulled towards it. Getting faster and faster. At the point it hits the star it would be already extreme heavy as it would have reached almost light speed.
With each step we make this theoretical star a little bit denser towards a black hole this energy and mass is going against infinite at the time it would hit the star. You could in theory create as much mass as you want. Even more as our whole universe contains before that star becomes a black whole.
Or let’s put two windows and a small tunnel into the star, allowing a photon to pass thru the star and leave it again on the other side.
The lights frequency gets shifted to shorter wavelength on its travel towards the star. It pass the star and then gets shifted back during the leave. But if we make this star denser and denser the frequency shift tends again against infinite and with it the energy of the photon.
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